A Chance to Dig Deeper

Today, as I was walking out of my neighborhood Kroger, a man asked if I had a phone that he could borrow. My initial reaction was one of mixed skepticism and borderline scorn. Why didn't he have his own phone? Why was he asking to borrow mine? The individualism with which I've been raised really came out in that moment. But as I handed this man my phone, I remembered the young men in Delhi who lent me, an obvious American tourist, their phone.

The man who asked to borrow mine could have done nothing with it other than make a phone call. So why was I so skeptical when he asked to borrow my phone?

This experience is just one reason why I'm glad to have moved here. It is only through having experiences unlike those I've had most of my life that I can begin to grow and see beyond my privileged upbringing. I can challenge my assumptions and my initial reactions so that I can dig deeper into the realities of life.

"Ennui His Torment"

Waiting for the train, we saw this man with no legs and only one full arm working his way along the platform. A few people walked up to him and gave him some money. I want to know what happened to him, why there isn't some safety net, and why he seemingly can't be looked on as a productive member of society. A similar thing happened earlier in the day - a man with one leg hopped up to the car as we were returning to the airport. One of the people we were traveling with gave him 10 Rupees. He said, "It's hard to argue with that," and explained that the man's argument had been simply that he didn't have a leg.

Why isn't society making accommodations? These two men have additional challenges to overcome, but they are not wholly incapable of contributing to society. Plenty of people with physical challenges contribute in the U.S. in highly meaningful ways. Yes, it means that we have to invest in the infrastructure, but we (as society) benefit when all members are contributing.

There are ways in the U.S. that we don't do this, as well. People who have additional challenges of poverty to overcome often do not receive any assistance to develop to their best abilities, whether it be through tutoring opportunities, adequate classrooms/classroom support, or tuition assistance.

Gandhi criticized the giving of alms as a replacement for the giving of jobs, saying, "The grinding poverty and starvation with which our country is afflicted is such that it drives more and more men every year into the ranks of the beggars, whose desperate struggle for bread renders them insensible to all feelings of decency and self-respect. And our philanthropists, instead of providing work for them and insisting on their working for bread, give them alms." Victor Hugo says in Les Miserables, "Labor is the law; he who rejects it will find ennui his torment." Catholic Social Teaching includes the right to a job with a livable wage, recognizing the dignity of work. Nobody wants to rely on others without contributing. Charity just doesn't cut it. We need to go deeper. Why might this person not be working? (Even as far as whether there is a legitimate reason this person is begging on the side of the road and doesn't accept the job if you offer to pay him/her for work - could it be that much money just won't pay the bills that need to be paid?) If he or she is working, why is he or she unable to support him/herself or his/her family? How can we help this person to overcome those challenges? Yes, it sometimes means demanding work from someone. But the truth about work and money is more complicated than we often recognize.

Welcomed Wedding Crashers

In planning my trip to India, I knew I had to stay through February to attend the wedding that Margaret and I were invited to by a friend from Xavier, Ashwin. On February 8, we headed to Vidjayawada, Andhra Pradesh, to meet up with Ashwin a few days before the wedding of his friend Ratna (who actually studied at the University of Indianapolis) to Alekhya. His family hosted us in their guest apartment (there were three bedrooms, but Ashwin found it funny that we each took our own room), fed us incredible homemade south Indian food, treated us to some ice cream at Baskin Robbins, and welcomed us into their lives. The first night we arrived, after eating dinner, we were whisked away to dance practice. Ashwin was supposed to be in the Sangeet, or pre-wedding dance party/performance, and Margaret and I were to accompany him to practice. Somehow, they managed to rope us into performing in the Sangeet as well. Never fear, the Sangeet was still four days away; we had plenty of time to practice (luckily we had only four moves). That night, we went with some of Ashwin’s friends to a Tollywood movie called Mirchi. (Yes, there is a film industry in India separate from Bollywood; Tollywood movies are all in Telugu, the state language of Andhra Pradesh.)

Indian weddings are extensive events, and they certainly don’t always happen on weekends like in the U.S. Ratna and Alekhya’s actual wedding ceremony was scheduled for February 14, along with about 300,000 weddings in Andhra Pradesh alone. No, it had nothing to do with Valentine’s Day; the marriage ceremony time is usually determined by horoscope, and something about the alignment of the planets made February 14 one of the most auspicious days for a wedding. Though we arrived February 8, we had only a few days before the wedding festivities began: first the cocktail hour, then the Sangeet the following day, then the wedding itself two days later, and finally the reception. The wedding itself along with the Sangeet and cocktail hour are events put on by the bride’s family in her hometown; the groom’s family hosts the reception in his hometown, so we would be heading to Hyderabad for the wedding.

But before we got to the wedding events, we got a chance to visit a nearby village. Ashwin’s friend Deepak was taking his wife Usha and their daughter back to visit with her family and attend a family wedding (while he attended Ratna’s Sangeet with us and then left for another city to go to a different wedding), so we tagged along, met Usha’s family, saw her uncle’s banana plantation, and took a boat ride on the Krishna River. I learned a lot about bananas: the trees take about 11 months to grow and yield only one crop, and they frequently use crop rotation with turmeric. The biggest challenge was the language: Telugu. Even Margaret couldn’t understand because most people do not speak Hindi. Although most of Ashwin’s friends speak English (many even studied in the U.S.), most of Usha’s family does not. Still, they welcomed us with open arms, fed us frequently, showed us around, and took us on a boat ride. These experiences are definitely much better than the typical tourist experiences that we’ve largely been having since.

Because there were so many weddings on February 14, Ashwin had to pick and choose events of the weddings, so we, along with several other of Ashwin’s friends, stayed in Vidjayawada for the cocktail hour of a wedding we were not attending. On the morning of February 12, Ashwin’s friend Sanketh picked us up, along with two other friends, to drive up to Hyderabad, an approximately 4-hour drive. We arrived, met up with Deepak, picked up Ashwin’s fiancé Deepika, and headed over to another Sangeet practice. Here, we met the bride, Alekhya, who also welcomed us to her home and her wedding. We sat with Deepika and got to know her, practiced our dance moves, and then went to Ashwin’s place in Hyderabad to rest and get ready for the Sangeet. The dance performances were awesome, and the location was outstanding – outside, next to a lake, with a large tree as a centerpiece. Okay, the dance performances were mostly awesome: Margaret and I missed the cue for our dance, largely because there were people blocking the stairs up to the stage, so we raced on with no time to think about our moves. I actually have no idea how we did other than coming on late, but we survived. After the performance, we had an incredible dinner and then started in on the dance party. By the end of the night, we were exhausted. We had danced, met many new people, and had a wonderful time. While Ashwin went out with some other friends, his friend Aditya took Margaret and I back to get some sleep.

The next day was Ash Wednesday, so Margaret and I hit a few of the sights in Hyderabad and then went to church. There are many more Catholic churches in the South than in some of the other areas we’ve been due to its longer history of missionaries and colonialism. After dinner with Aditya, Deepika and her friend Ayushi, and Ashwin, we went to ABCD: Any Body Can Dance, the first 3D Hindi dance movie. As usual (and because it started at 10:30), I fell asleep. But the parts I saw reminded me of Glee, and everyone else said it was a terrible movie.

Finally, the day of the wedding arrived. While Margaret stayed in to get some work done, I went with Ashwin and Deepika to the lunch hosted by the groom’s family for their guests, then to the mall and a bar to hang out with some of Ashwin’s friends. Ashwin then sent Margaret and me off with his driver to see a few more of the Hyderabad sights. Traffic was terrible, and it took us forever to get to the fort, which Ashwin said was a must-see – even more important than the wedding. By the time we got back, tied our own saris (it takes some practice to be able to wear 5 meters of fabric as a dress), and made it to the wedding, many of the guests were leaving; we had missed the marriage part of the ceremony. There was still, however, plenty going on. Ratna and Alekhya were on the stage with the priests performing the ceremony and several of the guests, so Ashwin took us up to watch. I couldn’t be too disappointed at missing most of the ceremony after Ashwin’s friend Varun commented that even most Indians have never seen a full Indian wedding ceremony. I just got the native experience.

 

The next day, we returned to Vidjayawada for the reception. We went to lunch at Ratna’s house with a plan to attend the formal reception that evening, when we heard that Ashwin had successfully secured our tickets to Hampi for a train that left that night. So we gathered our stuff, had dinner, said farewell to Ashwin’s family, and went to the train station, where Sanketh met us to say goodbye, and we boarded the train. Remember how there were 300,000 weddings in Andhra Pradesh on February 14? Well, as the receptions were all in the home cities of the grooms, Ashwin had about four receptions to go to that night. And we were off for our next adventures.

Living Infrastructure

We’ve had our second major multi-day storm since I arrived at Navdanya. While I enjoy the power of the storms, I’m glad it’s not monsoon season. The field work stops on rainy days (although there’s always grain-sorting to do), and frequently the power is out other than around meal times, when they turn on the generator. The storms I’ve experienced are incredibly unseasonable, especially in their near-monsoon-like fervor. Some of the crops that survived the first round of storms had barely started to recover before the second round hit. When we met with some farmers who attended a farmers’ workshop, one of them said that climate change is the biggest challenge he has to face in farming. The changes to the climate and weather patterns have been noticeable and harmful for him, and these storms are just one example.

The physical structures at Navdanya, combined with the importance of weather and climate to the work to be done, force us to live in a way very much more in tune with the natural world around us. No two rooms are connected indoors, forcing us to walk outside to get from one place to another. There is no central heating, so we just have to dress warmly – although the entire time I’ve been here it’s been warm and sunny enough during the day to make dealing with the cold evenings and nights worthwhile. We frequently eat lunch outside, and most of our internal spaces have big windows. All of these factors connect us to the natural world around us.

As Richard Louv writes in Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature Deficit Disorder, access to nature can help to alleviate symptoms of depression and attention deficit disorder. I’m a little concerned about how well I’ll adapt to less nature exposure when I return home. I’m lucky in that respect – I have some nature in my backyard, and I work on a farm. Many don’t have those experiences of nature on a daily basis. One fellow intern commented about her experience growing up in New York City, that she had some really negative experiences that she felt could be attributed to the environment around her.

In urban environments, it’s much harder to find that level of exposure to nature. It’s worse in India than in the United States because the air quality makes you not even want to walk outside (although it’s not much better inside). Yet it seems quite likely that the future of the world will be increasingly urban.

Urban environments certainly offer many advantages: the concentration of people can make social interactions more easily accessible; the high population densities make public transit and walking better options than individual automobiles, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and making people healthier; and cities can serve as diverse cultural centers, with art galleries, concerts, and theatre much more common.

For most people, the question is not one of urban versus rural – it seems quite clear that urbanization will continue to increase in most of the world, ideal or not. The question is, instead, how we are going to create urban environments that are at a human scale and fulfill our biophilic natures. Can we achieve this without sacrificing the density that makes cities what they are? Are community parks and community gardens detrimental enough to density that the disadvantages outweigh the benefits that they offer?

Yet the environmental benefits that cities offer are only benefits in comparison to suburbia and the rural modes of living after the introduction of the automobile. In many communities, rural living is more environmentally friendly than urban living. In an increasingly globalized, specialized world, however, is it even possible to live more sustainably in a rural environment? A case comparison between India and the United States reveals that the answer to this depends significantly on the physical environments and infrastructure available. Most cities in India have limited public transit options, so auto-rickshaws frequently taxi people around, spewing significant amounts of particulate matter into the air and leading to the horrible local air quality that makes you not even want to step outside.

In the villages I’ve been to, people have great social connections, and busses drive through frequently, allowing for decent access to cities when necessary. In fact, in some villages, the introduction of external markets led to many of the social problems they now experience; previously, they met all their needs successfully themselves. People also rely much more significantly on human- and animal-powered transportation than in the U.S. Certainly, however, villages cannot offer everything that cities can. I know that I would be unwilling to give up the access to education, knowledge, communication, and culture beyond one’s local culture that comes from connections to global (or at least broader) markets and communities.

I’m not convinced that it’s possible to have this same experience in rural United States. I would suggest that rural living in the U.S. is either less sustainable than or equally sustainable to suburban living. Many factors are at play in my perception of this: the fact that farmers don’t grow their own food anymore, so still need to go to the store, and the breakdown of communities across the country (see Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone), which has become more pronounced in farming communities as and people have begun to rely on mechanized labor rather than labor-trading between neighbors and the farms have gotten bigger and thus more spread out, thus requiring automobiles to get to the store, school, church, or a neighbor’s house.

The reality is that the ideal living situations of individuals vary vastly. The type of living environment that I would prefer might be vastly different than your ideal living environment. I might even need to make a tough decision between multiple choices that all offer distinct advantages and disadvantages. What we need is the infrastructure in place to make all of these options more ecologically sound choices for people to make.

Sometimes Goodbye Is the Hardest Part

There is never a "right" time to travel. Sometimes, you just have to take the risk and leave anyway. Knowing that my grandpa was getting older and really missing my grandma (his wife of 63 years, who died last November), I hoped that my gamble would work. Unfortunately, that was not the case with one of the best men I've ever known. Fortunately, I was able to make sure to visit him before I left and to Skype with him while traveling (he made sure to let me know he was going to brag to his Hardee's friends that he got to talk to someone on the other side of the world). Not too long later, I found out that Grandpa was in the hospital and probably had cancer. The diagnosis was confirmed, and he returned home to hospice care, his loving family, and an official prognosis estimate of three months. I heard he was going downhill quickly and started to look into flights home. Then I got the call from my mom: Grandpa died about an hour before, at 10:45 a.m. Saturday morning Indianapolis time. Luckily, my friend Margaret had rejoined me at the farm and stayed with me the whole night. My new Navdanya friends have been equally wonderful, letting me brag about my awesome grandparents and my incredible family.

When my mom first called with the official diagnosis, she told me I didn't have to come home, even for the funeral. At the time, that was the worst idea I had heard my entire life. I've always been so grateful that I was around during the last days of my grandma's life, and deciding to stay in India was probably the hardest decision I've ever had to make. I know I made the right decision, but I hate that I won't be with my family to celebrate his life. Fortunately, I have a very wise little (or maybe just younger) sister who told me, "Your lifetime of memories with Grandpa are far more important than your final goodbye." I have that and more - the wonderful legacy that he left behind, my family. Margaret also told me that she could tell he came to visit me. (We are 10.5 hours ahead, so it was right on his way to eternity.)

Grandpa, here's to you, a hero to your children and grandchildren and a wonderful example of love and selflessness. You may not have realized your impact on those around you because it was so much a part of who you were, but the little things made such a difference to those around you. I always felt you were proud of me, simply by the way you introduced me to others. You taught us so much, you loved us so much, and you gave us so much. I'm happy for you that you got to die at home, surrounded by family, and rejoin the love of your life. You will always be with us. Thank you for everything. Tell Grandma hi and I love her, too. I'll love you forever, I'll like you for always. As long as I'm living, my Grandpa you'll be.

A Visit from Vandanaji

“Wherever you are, even if all you have is a balcony, declare your seed freedom.” With this rallying cry, Dr. Vandana Shiva, the international face of Navdanya and the anti-GMO movement, called the interns at the Navdanya farm to action in creating a resource handbook for the “Seeds of Freedom, Gardens of Hope” international campaign for seed freedom.

On Sunday, Vandanaji visited the Navdanya farm and sat with the interns for about an hour, learning a little bit about our interests and sharing an abundance of her knowledge. We covered topics ranging from genetically-modified seeds to open source knowledge, seed-saving to the commons, health care to physics.

As she imparted her knowledge, Vandanaji called us toward communal living and communal action. Addressing Garrett Hardin’s notion of the Tragedy of the Commons, she pointed toward communal management of the commons, which is practiced effectively in India in some areas even today. Even in the United Kingdom, she said, it took years to kick people off of the common lands in order to privatize them, the basis of Hardin's theory. With the notion of the Tragedy of the Commons, we lost the idea of community and our capacity as self-regulating entities. These are the notions that we seek to regain through community gardens (something many of the current interns expressed some interest in) and seed freedom.

Last year, Navdanya launched the Seeds of Freedom campaign for seed freedom, with its Fortnight of Action 2 October – 16 October, in response to the double pressures of having to purchase GMO seeds yearly from the patent-holders and the reduction of alternatives through WTO and government rules and loss of local knowledge and seed stores. This year, they are expanding the movement to become “Seeds of Freedom, Gardens of Hope” to use the existing community garden movement to increase the involvement of cities and strengthen the seed-saving movement to increase Bija Swaraj or seed-sovereignty.

Most importantly, Dr. Shiva called on us and individuals and communities everywhere to get involved. Real freedom, she said, comes from collective self-organizing. Laws will follow behavioral changes, but we cannot wait for the laws to change to begin acting since the legal framework is so heavily controlled by corporations.

A Series of Observations

There are a few things I would like to share about India and Navdanya that don’t fit into any particular theme, so I thought I’d dedicate a blog post to them.

The suffix “-ji” added to any name is used as a sign of respect. Periodically, I have heard it in the context of “Gandhiji,” but nearly every adult gets addressed as “-ji” here. It can also be added to ordinary words, such as “namasteji” (hello and goodbye) or “danyevadji”(thank you).

We had a session with the Gandhi Legacy Tour group from the United States, which is led by Arunji Gandhi, the grandson of Mahatma Gandhi. More to come later as I read Gandhi’s An Autobiography or the Story of My Experiments with Truth and do a little more research on how Navdanya’s mission fits into Gandhi’s notion of self-sovereignty.

Kamalji is the cook. One morning, I saw him and said “Namesteji, Kamalji” in an excited voice, and he replied “Namesteji Imliji,” and then dissolved into giggles. Elizabeth, another American who was walking with me at the time, said, “Sometimes I feel like he’s just mocking us.” I later found out that he was, in fact, mocking us. Specifically, he was mocking me. It turns out that “imli” means tamarind in Hindi. So now Kamalji and I have a relationship based on the fact that he finds my name hilarious.

Before I got here, Margaret always told stories of Jeetpal. Now I’ve met Jeetpalji, and I understand why she said he inspired her to learn Hindi. He's taught me a lot, too.

I can already tell that I’m really going to miss Navdanya when I move to the next portion of my trip.

We had the greatest few days of storms about a week ago. While I really enjoyed the thunder, lightening, and downpouring rain, this is like it is during monsoon season. And it doesn’t usually do this at this time of year. It could seriously damage crops. Climate destabilization, including changes in rainfall patterns, has been part of the predictions about climate change for a long time.

I’m spending so much time around Westerners – mostly people from the U.S., but also Canada, Italy, Spain, and Greece. There is someone from China as well. This is not only true of the farm, but most of my experience in India so far.

I get cravings for the weirdest things. Right now, I want real maple syrup. Thanks for reintroducing me, Amos and Cheryl.

Food sanitation is just a little less important now. We had to borrow (yes, borrow) some rice for someone’s computer because she spilled tea on it. The kitchen staff made sure that we knew to bring back the rice when we were done with it. But it was going to be cooked, and it was dried out in the open anyway.

Foreign travelers should take probiotics not antibiotics. Broad spectrum antibiotics can kill everything in your stomach, making you unable to digest the foods you are eating easily.

I am on the other side of the world, and almost everyone I need to communicate with speaks my language.

In india, if you dig through the earth you won’t get to China; you might get to South America. If you dig from England, you will get to Australia.

Digging for Roots

The turmeric field is in the back of the farm, behind the storage shed. We dig out the roots with a simple tool designed to chop at the dirt to easily dig into it, tear off the leaves, place a small shoot of the root back into the ground, dump the roots into a water bucket to rinse them, and take them up to the roof of the storage building to dry. The next day, some people will cut the roots into smaller pieces, and they will continue to dry. After the turmeric dries, Navdanya will send it to a mill to be ground and then use it in the kitchen sell it in the stores.

Working in the turmeric fields at Navdanya, I feel like I am reaching out to the foundations of agriculture. We work our way through the fields, digging up the turmeric roots, pinching off a piece and replanting it in the soil, and taking the larger part to wash, cut, and dry for processing.

The Agricultural Revolution was not so much a revolution as a slow transition from foraging to permanent agriculture. Some societies even tried agriculture and returned to foraging for their food sustenance. As the women were foraging, they noticed that they could replant portions of whatever it was they were taking and return later that same year or the following year to harvest the produce again.

Root vegetables were an easy way to use this practice. The women began to notice that if they left a potato or a piece of turmeric or ginger in the ground, it would grow a new plant, so they began to intentionally leave behind root pieces for this purpose. Slowly, many societies became more sedentary and used these processes along with others to produce their own food in a single location. Although the process was a little more complicated than this, the general move happened somewhat in this fashion.

In many communities, this move toward sedentary lifestyles through the Agricultural Revolution began the process of social stratification and the growth of societies into larger units as labor became freed up for other pursuits such as the development of writing and intellectual pursuits. This formed the foundation of our modern societies.

Yet today, so many educated people are returning to the land, returning to the very process of root harvesting that started the whole thing. As Nikola, an intern from Greece, said, it is precisely because he has two degrees that he wants to get into farming and work with his hands.

The Magic in the Mantra

A little-known song written by John Lennon, “The Happy Rishikesh Song,” says “The magic in the mantra will give you the answer.” The Beatles are said to have opened up the West to Eastern philosophy and religion with their visit to the ashram of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in Rishikesh in 1968. This past weekend, four of us interns went to Rishikesh on a whim.

Rishikesh is set at the base of the Himalayan foothills along the Ganga (in English, Ganges), and is named after Lord Vishnu, “Lord of the Senses.” With its location on the Ganga, Rishikesh is considered by Hindus to be a holy city. It is 100% vegetarian, as decreed by law. Many people, including the Beatles, travel to Rishikesh to meditate, practice yoga (in fact, the presence of so many yoga centers in Rishikesh is the direct result of tourism), or bathe in the Ganga. In fact, their stay in Rishikesh was one of their most productive songwriting periods.

The whole trip is only between two and three hours from Navdanya. Going there cost us each 15 Rupees for the bus to Dehradun, 78 Rupees for the bus to Rishikesh, and 40 Rupees to get to the hotel area. It was a little more expensive returning because we opted for an auto into Dehradun for coffee and then out to Navdanya for our class on composting. Each of us paid only 300 Rupees for two nights in two rooms on top of the hotel, with a beautiful view of the mountains and the surrounding city.

Our stay in Rishikesh included an Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga session with a very talented yogi, an Ayurvedic massage, a toe-dip in the Ganga, and some excellent Western food!

During our yoga session I tried a half-lotus vinyasa (flow-based yoga) movement, and was impressed with how well I do. Like so many things I’ve done here, this has added another goal to my list for when I return home. I’m definitely a long way from a successful half-lotus vinyasa movement, but it is definitely possible. I tried a few other things, but didn’t do nearly as well – my balance is definitely lacking.

My first ever massage was also a wonderful experience. I opted for an hour-long full-body Ayurvedic massage. Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine in Hinduism based on the five elements (earth, water, fire, air, and space) and balance that stresses herbal remedies. Though there are some problems with modern practices of Ayurvedic medicine, traditional medicinal practices have shown a lot of results from the herbs and other substances used. My massage was simply a full-body massage that included oil.

Dipping my feet in the Ganga was a wonderful experience. Though I didn’t experience any sort of profound religious moment, it was nice to have water run between my toes, which have mostly been snuggled inside multiple pairs of socks for the past few weeks.

While we were hanging out on the ghat (the stairs that go down to the river), a few people set up for and performed some sort of religious ritual that included music played through a loudspeaker, singing, incense, and movement. I also saw a couple women performing some sort of individual ritual right where the ghat meets the Ganga. One woman seemed to be ceremoniously throwing some trash in the river. I don’t understand that tradition, but as I said then, I will do my best not to judge – especially since I do not understand.

The setting at the base of the Himalayas was quite possibly my favorite part. Oh, if only Indiana were not so flat! Though I generally love waterways, something about those mountains took much of my attention away from the Ganga. I was sad to leave, which was mostly focused on the mountains. Though on clear days, Navdanya has a slight glimpse of the distant Himalayan foothills, being right next to them is something magical.

Talking Shit

Animal dung (“shit” is in very common parlance here, but I’ll stick with one of the words that is more acceptable to the American ear) has been used for centuries as a building material among many cultures around the world. In India, it still is. Today, we spent a few hours patching holes in the wall of the seed bank and re-covering the floor in a mixture of clay and cow dung. In talking about cow dung, I will be referring to this clay/dung mixture simply as “cow dung.”

Cow dung is excellent at regulating temperatures, which is why it is such an important building material in the seed bank, where the temperature needs to remain relatively stable to ensure the viability of the seeds. Seed saving is one of the main reasons the Navdanya farm exists, helping to maintain a genetic diversity among the crops that farmers can grow in India against the growing threat of hybrid and GMO seeds and seed patenting.

In addition to the building itself being made from cow dung, a few of the storage methods for the seeds also use cow dung. Baskets are woven and covered in cow dung to maintain a stable internal temperature, and large metal containers used to store seeds are sealed with cow dung. Though Navdanya uses other methods of seed storage in order to provide examples for farmers to use the option that best suits their available resources, these two methods are considered to be the best for safely storing seeds for use next year.

The process is simple: take clay, mix in water and cow dung, apply to the necessary surface, and smooth out with water. To re-apply the floor, use a more liquid moisture than used on the walls. Sheela Didi, one of the staff members here, taught us the process and supervised our work, frequently chiming in with “Sister, you missed a spot.” (“Didi” in Hindi means “sister” as well.)

The floor after our re-application.

Those of you who know about my job perhaps already know my favorite part of the tours I give at Traders Point Creamery: the manure. I love talking about the recycling process that we use and how much sense it makes compared to industrial farming models. Well, Navdanya also recycles cow dung other than as a building material: composting. The primary method of composting is vermicomposting, but their worms live a very different life than mine do at home: they only eat cow dung. Navdanya has found that this type of processing of the manure and the use of only dung in the compost pits provides the most beneficial nutrients to the fields.

The cow dung must sit in the shade for 10-15 days to dry out. The moisture level is tested by squeezing a handful of it – if a few drops of water come out, it is perfect; if no water comes out, they need to add some water; if a stream of water comes out, they leave it to sit longer. They add it into the worm pits (again, created with simple construction so that the farmers they train can easily replicate the process) with 1 kg of worms for 150 kg of dung, let it sit for about 45 days, turning it after 30, and then harvest it and put it on the fields within 6 months (if they aren’t applying it immediately, they put it in jute bags and store in the shade).

Many of the other composting methods also use cow dung in various quantities and methods. Anandji, our teacher for the composting lesson, said that cow dung is more beneficial than that of other animals, although dung from other animals can be used.

Finally, there is a biogas generator on the farm that seals cow dung in an anaerobic environment and captures the methane for use in cooking. We were told that they only get enough to make the chai here, but there are only six cows on the farm, and they do so many other things with the manure as well.

Perhaps this is why cows in India are considered sacred, along with their use as draft animals and to provide milk out of plants that are inedible to humans.

Pooja for Dadaji's Granddaughter

Here is a blog post I wrote for the Navdanya interns blog: http://bijavidyapeeth.tumblr.com/post/40002600179/pooja-for-dadajis-granddaughter

New Seeds, New Beginnings

Navdanya. The name was chosen as a play on Hindi words: “Nine seeds,” “new seeds,” and “new beginnings” are all proper translations of the word "navdanya." Today I arrived at the farm without my travel companion(s) and a few days later than planned. A month here stretches before me, both a vast length and a short speck of time. The area is gorgeous: fresh air, beautiful plant life, shades of the Himalayan foothills in the background. When I arrived, the temperature was probably above 60 degrees Fahrenheit, but it is rapidly cooling off. It was warmer than in Delhi, but I have now donned my winter coat again.

Upon my arrival, I was immediately treated to lunch, followed by registration and a farm tour. I made friends with one of the calves and a few of the puppies. Along with another volunteer who arrived last night, I was introduced to many new plants whose names I have already forgotten and will, I am sure, slowly re-learn over the next few weeks. The seed bank is gorgeous with the plants hanging from the roof (one method of seed-saving; Navdanya tries to model economical and multiple forms of the different methods they use so that the farmers they train can develop the methods that work best for their circumstances). There has already been talk about lessons on composting and seed-saving particularly for us interns/volunteers.

Today begins my journey of digging in to where I am. I have spend a lot of time over the past few months dreaming, and I’m sure I will not be able to completely escape it here. But my time here will be dedicated to digging in to what I can learn specifically in this place, at this time, and with these people. Or at least to do my best to do so.